Food insecurity, climate change, water shortage and landlessness are calling for rapid changes in protein industry. Transition from conventional animal and crop-based proteins towards novel alternatives (e.g. yeast, fungi, algae and insects) is a key feature of this revolution. This project aims at developing a cost effective, nitrogen-efficient, environmentally friendly and less resource-intensive approach, which is likely to involve solid-state fermentation and insect rearing processes, to produce protein-rich biomass from wood waste. The potential use of the end-products as food/feed and the impact of this process in achieving a sustainable food industry will be assessed.