
The total usage of antibiotics in the world will continuously increase both on humans or on animals. A large amount of antibiotics is used on food animals as therapeutic medicines or as growth promoters. However, the wide and long exposure to antibiotics makes animals become a reservoir of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Because swine farms use the most of antibiotics in the world, swine farms have more potential than other animal farms to disseminate ARB and ARGs into the environment, and finally, have a negative impact on humans’ health. This research is to investigate the correlation between antibiotic resistance and antibiotic usage in the barn; to uncover the ways that ARGs mobilized during and after the manure treatment, and try to find proper methods to decrease the dissemination possibility of ARGs from swine farm manure into the environment.