Antibiotics in the environment pose a potential risk to ecosystems and human health. Under the selection pressure of antibiotics, microorganisms can develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which counteract the effectiveness of antibiotics. Due to the difficulty of monitoring, there is a lack of data on antibiotics, antimicrobial resistant bacteria in rivers in China. For this situation, modelling is a powerful tool to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the sources, environmental fate and transportation of these pollutants in rivers in China to support sustainable management. This project will model the loads and concentrations of antibiotics, Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in rivers in China and design intervention policies and technologies for sustainable management of these pollutants.