Due to its arid climate, Uzbekistan’s agricultural production depends mostly on irrigated agriculture and about 90% of available water resources is used in agriculture. Efficient use of water in agriculture is a major challenge in water scarce, Uzbekistan. Optimal land use and irrigation strategies can have immense effect on the people’s livelihood and food security of the region. The main objective of this research is to study land and water use options to improve water productivity in arid and semi-arid zones, in the case of Tashkent province, Uzbekistan. The Water Productivity (WP) concept (e.g. crop yield per unit of water consumed) provides a useful framework to analyse crop production or water savings in agriculture. The PASERA-DESMICE model is addressing to economic evaluation part of WP and Soil Water Atmosphere and Plant (SWAP) model for eco-hydrological part coupled with field measurement, remote sensing imagery and geographic information systems will be utilised for this research. Also, scenarios of climate change, irrigation and cropping patterns will be simulated to analyse the impact on future water productivity and options for improvement. The outcome of this research will outline optimal land and water use for better water productivity (crop yield and net economic benefit) and future options to improvement water productivity in arid and semi-arid zones, in particular, in rain fed and irrigated croplands. These results lead to assist better agricultural policy and decision making, better land and water management, increasing food production and better income for local livelihood.