Pesticide residues (PRs) can easily accumulate in surface soil and be transported through the air as dust due to tillage and wind erosion. This dust laden with PRs from fields and surroundings may result in chronic and acute exposures to human. To be carried out in the North China Plain (NCP), this project will investigate the occurrence and distribution of PRs in agricultural soils, crops, and the air, including airborne particles (in fields and neighbourhoods). Finally, a systemic investigation of pesticide application, soil/dust residue distribution over time, as well as the related exposure risk of residents will be analysed.