Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are widely used in the world in order to control the damage caused by rodents. However, ARs also cause high potential risks to non-target wildlife. The combination of potential environmental risks with the continued use of ARs requires a specific monitoring system to quantify the exposure of non-target species, assess associated risks and verify the effectiveness of risk-mitigation schemes. Physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) modelling and PBK-based reverse dosimetry are proposed in this study to quantify actual exposure of target species to ARs by measuring the concentration of parent compounds and associated metabolites in non-destructively collected faeces and urine.