The healthy reuse of treated wastewater is limited by the inefficiency of the existing technologies. This PhD research aimed on the development of a compact, nature-based, post-treatment technology called improved vertical flow constructed wetlands with hydroponic materials (CWH). The system works like constructed wetlands but employs hydroponic materials, cocopeat, mineral wool and pumice, to grow ornamental plants, Syngonium and Periwinkle to efficiently remove pollutants from wastewater. It was proven in this PhD research that CWH has the potential to treat pre-treated wastewater with removing various pollutants via intensifying the sorption and biodegradation processes due to better physiochemical characteristics of hydroponic materials. Cocopeat CWH demonstrated great potential for removing various micropollutants, especially recalcitrant compounds like carbamazepine and diclofenac. Pumice CWH showed higher performance in terms of nitrogen removal. The outcomes of this research would lead towards the successful full-scale application of CWH as a post-treatment system in urban areas.