The accumulation of macroplastics and the formation of microplastics from macroplastics under different farming systems were studied. The ecological effects of low-density-polyethylene and biodegradable microplastics on soil-plant system. The results showed LDPE and biodegradable microplastics could substantially affect plant growth, soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, soil rhizosphere microbial communities, overall, biodegradable microplastics exerted stronger effects than LDPE microplastics. These effects may have far reaching impacts for future crop production, soil health and food security.